Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

宽带高集成多级射频互连技术

针对微波电路三维集成结构的迫切需求,开展宽带高集成多级射频互连技术研究。主要设计了两种电路结构,多级水平互连电路与多级垂直互连电路。多级水平互连电路中,通过优化同轴-微带线的水平过渡以及倒角过渡方式,得到在DC～30GHz内的仿真结果,回波损耗优于21dB,插入损耗优于0.16dB;多级垂直互连电路中,通过优化BGA板间互连结构,得到在DC～30GHz内的仿真结果,信号的回波损耗优于13dB,插入损耗优于0.57dB。在小型化、高集成的需求下,宽带高集成多级射频互连技术是解决宽带射频信号传输问题的关键技术路径,可以广泛应用在微波电路三维集成结构中,具有重大的应用前景。     

等离子体激励频率对压气机稳定性影响的实验与数值模拟研究

本文采用实验与数值模拟方法研究了不同等离子体激励频率对低速轴流压气机的扩稳特性。结果表明,等离子体激励能够显著减弱叶顶泄漏流非定常脉动,增加主流动量,削弱泄漏流和回流动量,抑制泄漏流向叶尖前缘移动,从而扩大压气机的稳定工作范围;非定常激励对压气机稳定性有重要影响,随着激励频率的增加,扩稳效果增强,但激励频率存在阈值,当频率高于0.5倍叶片通过频率时,随着频率的增加,扩稳效果几乎不变。     

弱引力下小行星动量驱动机器人的可控跳跃行为

以小行星表面着陆探测为背景,提出一种动量驱动机器人(MoRo)以满足弱引力复杂环境下的探测需求。该机器人利用弱引力环境下的摩擦和碰撞特性,通过主动辨识环境参数,规划和控制动量轮以产生期望的驱动力矩,完成可控性跳跃及腾空后的稳定拍照等任务。首先,基于MoRo的动量轮刹车机构特性,分析了MoRo在弱引力环境下的跳跃机理并对其跳跃方式进行了规划;接着考虑动量轮驱动机构三闭环伺服系统的非线性特性,基于Herze碰撞模型和Karnopp摩擦模型建立了MoRo在小行星表面的跳跃行为动力学模型;其次,使用机器学习算法建立环境参数和MoRo运动的函数关系,并基于环境参数规划动量轮转速实现跳跃距离和腾空高度的可控。最后,通过数值仿真校验了MoRo跳跃规划方法和控制方法的可行性。     

SSPS-OMEGA超大型球形聚光器结构拓扑构型与设计

为同时兼顾千米量级尺度空间太阳能电站聚光系统的在轨发射安装难度、光学收集效率、稳定性及结构工艺等多方面的因素，提出采用基于球面正多面体的经纬线划分法模块化构建球形聚光器。该方法不仅可实现基础划分单元分布均匀、规格种类少，降低在轨构建与运载发射难度。而且只要合理控制弧高等分数和基础划分单元的口径就可以同时保证聚光系统的光学收集效率。理论与仿真结果显示，当弧高等分数为24时，该划分法共有25种基础单元件，整个球面被分成5762块。并且此时模块化构建的实际球形聚光器的光学收集效率与理想球面相比基本保持不变，解决了太阳能电站聚光系统设计中存在的关键问题。     

A New D-GCL for Unidirectional Motion with Large Displacement

Numerical simulations of unsteady flow problems with moving boundaries commonly require the use of geometric conservation law(GCL).However,in cases of unidirectional large mesh deformation,the cumulative error caused by the discrete procedure in GCL can significantly increase,and a direct consequence is that the calculated cell volume may become negative.To control the cumulative error,a new discrete GCL(D-GCL)is proposed.Unlike the original D-GCL,the proposed method uses the control volume analytically evaluated according to the grid motion at the time level n,instead of using the calculated value from the D-GCL itself.Error analysis indicates that the truncation error of the numerical scheme is guaranteed to be the same order as that obtained from the original D-GCL,while the accumulated error is greatly reduced.For validation,two challenging large deformation cases including a rotating circular cylinder case and a descending GAW-(1)two-element airfoil case are selected to be investigated.Good agreements are found between the calculated results and some other literature data,demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed D-GCL for unidirectional motions with large displacements.     

eLoran系统ASF网格应用算法研究

ASF网格是提高增强型罗兰（Enhanced Long Range Navigation，eLoran）系统精度的重要方法。根据所在网格四个顶点的附加二次时延（Added Secondary Factor，ASF）值通过网格应用算法得到待测试点的ASF值，一定程度上比公式计算的ASF值更准确。在计算过程中，用户四个顶点ASF值的测量误差会传递给用户，同时内插算法本身也会引入误差，此时内插算法的选择尤为重要。本文通过仿真、分析比较几种常用的内插算法，得出结论：反距离插值算法引入的误差最大，双线应插值算法引入的误差最小，而且误差呈现一定层次感，网格从内到外误差逐渐减小。     

基于子阵级非周期的有限扫描阵列研究

对基于子阵级非周期的有限扫描阵列进行研究,采用数值仿真和遗传算法对基于不同子阵规模的非周期阵列进行优化设计,分析4?4和2?2两种子阵规模对接收多波束应用中伴随波束方向图的影响,研究表明子阵规模过大会引起伴随波束方向图的旁瓣抬升,通过减小子阵规模可以避免该问题,论证了设计的基于2?2子阵的非周期八角阵可应用于有限视场扫描相控阵中。     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

基于压缩量偏差约束的整体叶盘砂布轮数控抛光路径规划

数控抛光是实现整体叶盘叶片表面光整加工自动化、高效化的关键技术,而抛光路径规划对表面质量有着显著的影响。在抛光曲面时,砂布轮沿接触曲线上的径向压缩量偏差导致材料去除量一致性较差。针对该问题,提出一种基于压缩量偏差约束的路径规划方法。通过对砂布轮受曲面挤压变形几何分析,建立了自由曲面抛光接触线上砂布轮压缩变形量分布模型。在给定刀触点处,以接触曲线上最大压缩量偏差最小化为评价指标构建了刀轴矢量优化模型,并利用改进的粒子群优化（PSO）算法进行求解。基于最优刀轴矢量,完成自由曲面上等参数相邻刀触轨迹曲线的计算。最后,通过数据对比和试验,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明,抛光区域的轮廓度、粗糙度均得到明显的改善。